natural treatment for the disease for the next big scrotal disease

mumps is a disease caused by the mumps virus,which is a member of the paramyxoviridae family. this is actually a large family of viruseswhich includes measles virus and parainfluenza viruses, and all of these tend to affect childrenthe most. mumps only affects humans and and is spreadby tiny respiratory droplets that are small enough to be carried short distances in theair, so mumps virus is extremely contagious and anyone near a person with mumps is atrisk for getting the disease as well. the mumps virus has a single strand of rnaand a viral polymerase enzyme surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer envelope studded withviral proteins hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, or hn protein, and fusion or f protein.

the hn protein allows the virus to stick toa potential host cell, and cut itself loose if necessary, and the f-protein which fusesthe viral and cell membranes together allowing the mumps virus to enter the cell. once mumps enters a cell, the single strandedrna, which is negative sense, gets transcribed by the viral polymerase enzyme, into a complementarypositive sense strand of mrna, which can then be translated by the host cell ribosomes intonew copies of the envelope proteins and the viral polymerase, which get assembled intonew viruses. what also ends up happening with these, though,is that those hn and f-proteins on the cell surface now bind other cells, so they actuallyend up bind epithelial cells to one another,

which forms a clump of connected cells calleda multinucleated giant cell or a syncytium. mumps enters the body and first infects theepithelial cells of the nasopharynx, where it starts replicating and causing local damageto the tissue. from there, it can cause viremia or virusin the blood, and reach various organs and tissues. the mumps virus has tropism, or preferencefor, the parotid salivary glands, and the most classic finding in mumps is swellingof parotid salivary glands either on one side or on both sides, sometimes with an associatedearache. the swollen parotid gland lifts the earlobeup and out and obscures the angle of the jaw,

and can sometimes cause trismus which is spasmof the muscles of mastication or chewing. mumps also has affinity for the central nervoussystem, and can cause meningitis, which is an infection of the lining of the brain, aswell as encephalitis, which is an infection of the brain tissue itself. these infections can cause symptoms rangingfrom those that feel like the common cold, like headache and neck stiffness, as wellas more severe symptoms like difficulty with balance and hearing loss, but in general,the infection is self-limited and symptoms go away as the body recovers. in boys, usually in adolescents and youngmen, mumps can infect the testicles and epididymis,

and cause orchitis and epididymitis, respectively,most often on just one side. this can cause testicular atrophy in somemen, as well as a decrease in sperm count and sperm motility, but rarely does this causeinfertility. less commonly, mumps can infect the kidneys,and cause glomerulonephritis, which eventually leads to hematuria and proteinuria—bloodand urine in the urine. it can also affect the joints, causing arthritis,usually in the large joints like the hips, knees, ankles, and shoulders. and it can affect the heart causing myocarditis,as well as the pancreas, causing pancreatitis. as a final note, pregnant women with mumpsare not at an increased risk of having a baby

with congenital defects. alright, like a lot of other viruses, diagnosisis done by looking at antibody titers, though for treatment there aren’t any effectiveantivirals for mumps. for prevention, individuals with mumps, particularlyyoung children, are usually kept isolated for 5 days after the onset of symptoms toprevent it from spreading. best of all for prevention, though, is themumps vaccine which is about 90% effective at preventing the disease in the first place. the vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine,which means that it’s a weakened mumps virus which is not infectious, but still stimulatesthe immune system to generate a strong response

to prevent a future infection from the actualwild-type mumps virus. mumps vaccine has reduced the occurrence ofmumps dramatically, with outbreaks happening most often in areas where children aren’tvaccinated. alright, as a quick review, mumps is verycontagious and spreads through the air by respiratory droplets, and most classicallyinfects the salivary parotid glands, causing them to become swollen, but can also causemeningitis, encephalitis, orchitis, and epididymitis. luckily, there is mumps vaccine that is safeand effective in preventing nearly 90% of cases. thanks for watching, you can help supportus by donating on patreon, or subscribing

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